| Sokolsky District (English) Сокольский район (Russian) |
|
|---|---|
Location of Sokolsky District on the map of Vologda Oblast |
|
| Coordinates: | |
|
|
|
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Vologda Oblast[1] |
| Administrative center | town of Sokol[2] |
| # of cities/towns | 1[2] |
| # of urban-type settlements | 0[2] |
| # of selsoviets | 12[2] |
| Municipal status (as of May 2010) | |
| Municipally incorporated as | Sokolsky Municipal District[3] |
| - # of urban settlements | 2[3] |
| - # of rural settlements | 10[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 4,100 km2 (1,600 sq mi)[4] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
12,941 inhabitants[5] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 14,951 inhabitants[6] |
| - Urban population | 35.9% |
| - Rural population | 64.1% |
| Density | 3 /km2 (7.8 /sq mi)[7] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[8] |
| Established | July 15, 1929[9] |
| Official website | |
Sokolsky District (Russian: Сокольский район) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia.[1] Municipally, it is incorporated as Sokolsky Municipal District.[3] It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Kharovsky and Syamzhensky Districts in the north, Totemsky District in the east, Mezhdurechensky District in the south, Vologodsky District in the southeast, and Ust-Kubinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,100 square kilometers (1,600 sq mi).[4] Its administrative center is the town of Sokol.[2] District's population: 12,941 (2010 Census preliminary results);[5] 14,951 (2002 Census);[6] 17,585 (1989 Census).[10]
The town of oblast significance, Sokol, is located within the limits of the district but administratively does not belong to the district. Municipally, Sokol is incorporated as an urbal settlement which is part of Sokolsky Municipal District. The town of Kadnikov does belong to the district both administratively and municipally.
Contents |
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic. In the 13th century it became part of Principality of Beloozero. In the 14th century, the principality of Beloozero became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, however, lands adjacent of Lake Kubenskoye remained quasi-independent until the 15th century. In 1345, the lands along Lake Kubenskoye were organized into three principalities: Principality of Novlenskoye soutwest of the lake, Principality of Zaozyorye northeast of the lake, and Principality of Kubena southwest of the Kubena (the area was generally known as Kubena). The current area of the district partially overlaps with the area of Principality of Kubena, which only existed for a short period before merging with Principality of Zaozyorye. Before 1447, both became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow as well.[11] Some of the villages in the area, including Kadnikov (1492), were mentioned in 15th century.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. What is now Sokolsky District was then part of Kadnikovsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate. Kadnikov was chartered in 1780.
In November 1923, the Vologda Executive Comittee decided to create Sverdlovsko-Sukhonsky District with the center in the settlement of Sokol, however, the decision was not approved by the central authorities, and the district was never created.[9]
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into the Northern Krai, and Sverdlovsky District with the center in the work settlement of Sokol was established among others. It became a part of Vologda Okrug of Northern Krai. In 1932, Sokol was made a town, and the district was renamed to Sokolsky District.[9] In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, the krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Sokolsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On January 25, 1935 Biryakovsky District was established on the lands which previously belonged to Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Biryakovo, currently in Sokolsky District. In 1959, it was abolished and split between Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts.[9]
The area of the district is elongated from the west to the east and belongs to the river basin of the Sukhona. The westernmost part of the district is on the shore of Lake Kubenskoye. The source of the Sukhona is located in Ust-Kubinsky District, but a relatively short stretch of the river course runs through the district downstream of the source. In particular, the town of Sokol is located on the banks of the Sukhona. The central and the eastern parts of the district drains to the Dvinitsa River which crosses the district from the north to the south, and to other tributaries of the Sukhona like the Pelshma, the Strelitsa or the Tsaryova. The northwester part of the district belongs to the river basin of the Kubena which forms the border between Sokolsky and Ust-Kubensky District. The northeast of the district belongs to the basin of the Syamzhena, a major tributary of the Kubena.
Considerable areas within the district are covered by forests.
In the town of Kadnikov, there are timber industry and food industry enterprises.[12]
The agriculture of the district is oriented at production of milk, crops, and potatoes.[13]
The railway connecting Vologda and Arkhangelsk crosses the district from the south to the north. In particular, Sukhona railway station is located in Sokol.
One of the principal highways in Russia, M8, which connects Moscow and Arkhangelsk, crosses the district from the south to the north, passing Sokol and Kadnikov. In Chekshino, another highway branches off east and runs to Totma and Veliky Ustyug. It provides the shortest connection between Vologda and the eastern districts of Vologda Oblast, in particular, Nikolsk, Nyuksenitsa, and Kichmengsky Gorodok. Other roads connect Sokol with Kharovsk and Ustye. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Sokol.
Sukhona is navigable in the limits of the district, however, there is no passenger navigation.
The district contains three cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (the ensemble of Ilyinsky Pogost in the selo of Ilyinskoye and the Church of Archangel Michael in the selo of Arkhangelskoye) and additionally 101 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (thirty-five of them located in the town of Kadnikov).[14]
In addition to the Sokol District Museum, located in Sokol.[15], the district hosts the Kadnikov Museum of History, which was only opened in 1985 and is located in one of the historical buildings in the center of Kadnikov.[16]
|
|||||||||||||||||